Catani and colleagues provide data on antigenic properties of neuraminidase proteins of pandemic H1N1 and show that antigenic diversity of the neuraminidase from 2009 to 2020 largely falls into two ...

Not long after the first flu shot was introduced in 1945 by University of Michigan virologist Thomas Francis and his ...

Since 2021, experts have seen bird flu — also called H5N1 influenza or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) — spreading "fairly quickly" across the wild and domestic bird populations and, now, ...

Thus, a type A virus isolated in 1995 in Memphis Tennessee with a strain number of 123 and an H5N1 subtype is designated ... it was discovered that the antigenic composition of the circulating ...

The antigenic shift is produced by the reassortment ... viruses H5N8 and H3N4 can produce new human influenza viruses H5N1 and H3N1, respectively. Influenza pandemics are produced by the lack ...

Antigenic testing showed that the human avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses reacted well to anti-sera produced in ferrets against the H5N1 A/American wigeon and H5N8 A/Astrakhan CVVs Footnote 48.

With egg prices spiking due to bird flu, Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins announced steps last week to control the H5N1 virus, such as increasing financial relief for farmers with affected ...